Cognitive Assessments — reMYnd
Baseline Assessments — Page 2 of 4

Cognitive Assessments

Record your scores at each timepoint. These tests measure attention, processing speed, memory, and executive function. Follow the standardised instructions each time for valid comparisons.

Before you begin: Each test has an audio introduction and audio instructions. Open the Introduction panel to hear what the test measures, then the Instructions panel for how to complete it. Facilitators can read the written instructions aloud instead.
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What you need: A blank sheet of A4 paper and a pen or pencil for the Clock Drawing Test. All other tests run digitally — the Trail Making Test and Reaction Time work best on a laptop, desktop, or iPad. The Digit Span test requires a physical keyboard (laptop or desktop only — not a phone or tablet).

Consistency matters: Always complete these tests at the same time of day, in a quiet environment, using the same device. Conditions affect results as much as scores do.
Visuospatial & Screening
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Clock Drawing Test (CDT)

Visuospatial ability, executive function & memory · Scored 1–6 (Shulman scale)

Press play to listen — audio will auto-play when opened

The first test is called the Clock Drawing Test. This test gives us a window into several cognitive functions at once — your ability to plan, organise spatial information, and hold instructions in mind while you work. There are no tricks. I'll ask you to draw a clock, and then I'll score it using a standardised scale. Before we begin, please make sure there are no clocks or watches visible in the room.

Equipment: A blank sheet of white A4 paper · A pencil or pen · Remove all visible clocks or watches from the room before testing

  1. Place a blank sheet and pencil in front of the participant.
  2. Instruct: "I would like you to draw a clock. Put in all the numbers, and set the hands to show ten past eleven."
  3. Do not demonstrate. Do not repeat the instruction unless asked — if asked, repeat once only.
  4. Allow the participant to complete without prompting. Observe quietly.
  5. Score using the Shulman 6-point scale (see "What do my results mean?" below). Attach the original drawing to the participant record.
⚠️Important: A score of 4 or below warrants further clinical discussion. CDT is a screening tool only — not diagnostic. Always interpret within the broader clinical picture alongside other cognitive measures.
Press play to listen — audio will auto-play when opened
Your results
TimepointDateScore (1–6)Time takenDrawing attached?Observations
BaselineMonth 1
Month 3
Month 6
Month 9
Month 12
Shulman 6-point scoring scale
  • 6 — Perfect: correct time, numbers well-placed, hands different lengths
  • 5 — Near perfect: minor visuospatial errors only
  • 4 — Moderate: inaccurate time but numbers and face intact
  • 3 — Significant: numbers intact but time substantially incorrect
  • 2 — Severe: inappropriate use of hands
  • 1 — No clock: no reasonable representation

Higher is better. A change of 1 point may be within normal variation. Persistent decline of ≥2 points warrants clinical review.

Executive Function
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Trail Making Test — Part A & B

Processing speed (Part A) · Executive function & cognitive flexibility (Part B) · Time in seconds, lower = better

Press play to listen — audio will auto-play when opened

The next test is the Trail Making Test, and it has two parts. Part A tests how quickly your brain processes information — it's essentially a timed sequencing task. Part B adds an extra layer by asking you to switch between two types of information at the same time, which reflects a skill called cognitive flexibility. Both parts are timed from your first click, and they stop automatically when you finish. Errors won't stop you — just click the right target and keep going. There's no penalty for errors beyond the time they cost you.

Equipment: Printed standardised TMT-A and TMT-B worksheets (from the PDF) · A pencil · A stopwatch

  1. Part A: Say: "Draw a line connecting the circles in order from 1 to 25 as quickly as you can. Do not lift your pencil. Ready? Begin." Start the timer when they begin. If they make an error, redirect by pointing — do not stop the timer. Record total time in seconds.
  2. Part B: Say: "Now connect the circles alternating between numbers and letters — 1, A, 2, B, 3, C… as quickly as you can. Ready? Begin." Correct errors immediately by pointing — do not stop the timer. Record total time in seconds.
  3. Calculate B minus A — this isolates executive function from processing speed. Record all three values in the tracker.
ℹ️Note: The B minus A difference score is the most clinically meaningful value — it removes the contribution of processing speed from the executive function measure. A large B minus A (>60 s) suggests executive function difficulty beyond what processing speed alone explains.
Part A — Numbers only
Part B — Numbers and letters alternating
Part A — Numbers 1 to 25
0:00
Click circle 1 to begin
Errors: 0  |  Time: —
Part B — Alternating Numbers and Letters
0:00
Click circle 1 to begin
Errors: 0  |  Time: —
Your results
TimepointDateTMT-A (s)TMT-B (s)B minus A (s)Notes
BaselineMonth 1
Month 3
Month 6
Month 9
Month 12
Reference ranges — adults 50+ (Tombaugh, 2004)
  • Part A — Normal: <35 s (50–59) · <40 s (60–69) · <55 s (70–79)
  • Part A — Borderline: 35–50 s (50–59) · 40–60 s (60–69) · 55–80 s (70–79)
  • Part B — Normal: <75 s (50–59) · <100 s (60–69) · <140 s (70–79)
  • Part B — Borderline: 75–120 s (50–59) · 100–150 s (60–69) · 140–210 s (70–79)
  • B minus A: difference score isolates executive function from processing speed — a large gap (>60 s) suggests executive difficulty beyond processing speed alone

Lower is better. Norms vary significantly by age and education level.

Lower is better. Practice effects can improve TMT scores over the first 2–3 sessions — interpret early improvements cautiously.

Processing Speed & Attention
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Simple Reaction Time

Processing speed · Average response time in ms (lower = faster)

Press play to listen — audio will auto-play when opened

This next test measures your reaction speed — specifically, how quickly your nervous system detects a signal and sends a response. It's called the Simple Reaction Time test. You'll complete five trials. The screen will turn green at a random moment, and your job is to tap it as quickly as you can when that happens. We use the average of your five responses. A couple of things to know: don't tap before the green appears — that trial won't count. And try to stay relaxed — tension actually slows reaction time. We want your natural speed, not your most effortful speed.

Equipment: Device with the reMYnd Reaction Time tool (computer, tablet, or phone) · Quiet environment · Same device at every timepoint

  1. Open the digital test below. Seat comfortably at a natural viewing distance.
  2. Position the index finger (or thumb on touchscreen) ready near the response area.
  3. Instruct: "When the colour changes to green, tap as quickly as you can."
  4. Complete all 5 trials. The tool calculates the average automatically.
  5. Tap Save to results table to record the average and best trial.
⚠️Important: Always use the same device at every timepoint — different devices produce meaningfully different results. Record which device was used in the Notes column.
Press play to listen — audio will auto-play when opened
Tap here to begin
Trial 1
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Trial 2
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Trial 3
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Trial 4
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Trial 5
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Your results
TimepointDateAvg time (ms)Best trial (ms)DeviceNotes
BaselineMonth 1
Month 3
Month 6
Month 9
Month 12
Reference ranges — adults 50+ years
  • Excellent: <220 ms (50–59) · <240 ms (60–69) · <270 ms (70–79)
  • Good: 220–270 ms (50–59) · 240–290 ms (60–69) · 270–330 ms (70–79)
  • Average: 270–330 ms (50–59) · 290–360 ms (60–69) · 330–420 ms (70–79)
  • Slow: >330 ms (50–59) · >360 ms (60–69) · >420 ms (70–79)
  • Lower is better. Enter scores in ms (e.g. 285) or seconds (e.g. 0.285) — both accepted.

Enter in ms (e.g. 285). Lower is better.

Lower is better. A reduction of 30 ms or more is generally considered meaningful.

Semantic Memory
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Category Fluency

Semantic memory & executive retrieval · Words named in 60 seconds

Press play to listen — audio will auto-play when opened

This test is called the Category Fluency Test. It measures how quickly and efficiently your brain can search through stored memories and retrieve information — a function tied closely to semantic memory, which is the part of memory that holds general knowledge about the world. You'll have exactly sixty seconds. The timer and a counter will be visible on screen. Just focus on speaking as many words as you can.

Equipment: Stopwatch or phone timer · Pen and paper to record responses · Remove visible category cues from the room

Category: Use the same category at every session — Animals (most widely used), Fruits, or Supermarket items. Switching categories invalidates longitudinal comparison.

  1. Instruct: "I'm going to give you a category. Say as many words as you can that belong to that category in 60 seconds. You cannot use the same word twice, and proper names don't count."
  2. Start the timer immediately after saying "Go."
  3. Record every word said. Provide only neutral acknowledgement ("mm-hmm", "keep going") — do not prompt or provide examples.
  4. Stop at exactly 60 seconds.
  5. Count valid responses only — exclude repetitions, proper names, and clear variants (dog/dogs = one word).
⚠️Important: Document the category used at baseline and never change it. Switching categories invalidates longitudinal comparison.
Press play to listen — audio will auto-play when opened
Category

Use the same category at every session — switching invalidates longitudinal comparison.

1:00
Words will appear here
Total: 0 Repeats: 0 Valid: 0
Your results
TimepointDateScore (words)Category usedNotes
BaselineMonth 1
Month 3
Month 6
Month 9
Month 12
Reference ranges — Animals category, adults 50+ (Tombaugh et al., 1999)
  • Excellent: ≥24 (50–59) · ≥22 (60–69) · ≥19 (70–79)
  • Average: 18–23 (50–59) · 16–21 (60–69) · 14–18 (70–79)
  • Below average: 14–17 (50–59) · 12–15 (60–69) · 10–13 (70–79)
  • Low: ≤13 (50–59) · ≤11 (60–69) · ≤9 (70–79)
  • A score below 12 for Animals warrants further cognitive assessment. Scores for Fruits and Supermarket are typically lower.

Norms based on Animals category (Tombaugh et al., 1999). Scores for Fruits and Supermarket are typically lower.

Higher is better. A change of ≥4 words is generally considered meaningful. Category fluency has moderate test-retest reliability — interpret changes cautiously.

Attention & Working Memory
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Digit Span — Forward & Backward

Attention & working memory · Longest sequence correctly recalled

Press play to listen — audio will auto-play when opened

The final test is called the Digit Span, and it has two parts. The first part — Forward Digit Span — tests your attention and short-term memory. You'll hear a sequence of numbers, and repeat them back in the same order. The second part — Backward Digit Span — tests working memory, which is your brain's ability to hold information and mentally manipulate it. This time you'll repeat the numbers in reverse order. The sequences get longer as we go. The test stops when you miss both attempts at the same length — that's how we find your current span. I'll let you know when we switch from forwards to backwards.

Equipment: Standardised digit span sequence list (from the PDF) · Quiet room · Pen and paper to record responses

  1. Seat the participant comfortably in a quiet environment.
  2. Instruct: "I'm going to read some numbers. When I finish, repeat them back to me in the same order."
  3. Read the sequence at 1 digit/second — no grouping or rhythm.
  4. Record pass or fail for each trial. Advance to the next span length if at least one trial is passed.
  5. Stop when both Trial A and Trial B at the same span length are failed. Do not continue to the next length.
  6. Record the longest sequence correctly recalled as the score.
  7. Repeat the process for Backward span with new sequences.
ℹ️Note: Use the standardised sequences in the PDF — do not improvise sequences, as some number patterns are easier than others. Always use the same sequence set at each timepoint.
Press play to listen — audio will auto-play when opened
⌨️Keyboard required. You need to type each response immediately after hearing the sequence. Complete this test on a laptop or desktop — not a phone or tablet.
Part 1 — Forward span

Press Play on each trial to hear the sequence, then type your answer.

Both trials failed at this length — test complete.
Part 2 — Backward span
Backward span instructions — press play to listen

Press Play on each trial to hear the sequence, then type your answer in reverse order.

Both trials failed at this length — test complete.

Digits are read at 1 per second. Type immediately after the sequence finishes — no spaces needed. Stop rule: both trials at the same length must fail.

Your results
TimepointDateForward spanBackward spanNotes
BaselineMonth 1
Month 3
Month 6
Month 9
Month 12
Reference ranges — adults 50–79 (Wechsler, 2008)
  • Forward — Above average: ≥8 (50–69) · ≥7 (70–79)
  • Forward — Average: 6–7 (50–69) · 5–6 (70–79)
  • Forward — Below average: 5 (50–69) · 4 (70–79)
  • Backward — Above average: ≥6 (50–69) · ≥5 (70–79)
  • Backward — Average: 4–5 (50–69) · 3–4 (70–79)
  • Backward — Below average: 3 (50–69) · 2 (70–79)

A change of ±1 span length is within normal variation. A reliable improvement requires a change of ≥2 span lengths.

Overall Notes

✓ All changes saved